How Many Authors Needed To Use Et Al

Here is how this could look.

How many authors needed to use et al. Dusek bakke 2019 or. Citations to works with three authors can either. Berry henson et al 2006 berry et al 2006a berry shanks et al 2006 berry et al 2006b a final note. Should be avoided because et al. The term al is an abbreviation of alii and the entire phrase et al always follows at least one person s name job position or title.

Follow the name with the abbreviation et al and the page number where the material you paraphrased or cited appears. Always refers to plural authors and dalton et al 1989 would indicate two authors aside from dalton. If it happens that all the author names are exactly the same and the studies were published in the same year as well the method of citation described in the reference twins post applies. For both the first and subsequent in text citations both the authors should be listed out as dalton wade 1989. Use et al for in text citations to works with 3 or more authors.

For more than three authors a practice also favored by the chicago manual of style 2 whereas cambridge university press for its stm science technology medicine books says. 1 give all three. For sources with three to five authors list all the authors the first time and use et al only in subsequent citations. In all cases you should use the last name of the first author followed by et al in your in text citation. How to write and publish a scientific paper 1 summarizes current practice as using et al.

Apa format requires that you cite all of the authors at the first mention if there are three four or five and use et al afterward. Furthermore because the in text citations for works with three or more authors now shorten to et al immediately the effect of a longer reference list is somewhat mitigated. For authors who use a reference manager this probably won t result in any more typing as the software automates the process regardless of how many authors are. For a work with one or two authors include the name s in every citation. Don t use et al.

Always write et al in lowercase unless it begins a sentence and include a period after al even when it appears in the middle of a sentence. If there are at least six authors then you may use et al from the first mention. The usage of et al. The rules above apply to the 7th edition of the apa manual if you re instructed to follow the 6th edition the use of et al is slightly different.