How To Use Et Al At The End Of A Sentence

In general et al.

How to use et al at the end of a sentence. It does take a period after the second word even when it falls in the middle of a sentence. For sources with three to five authors list all the authors the first time and use et al only in subsequent citations. If you re instructed to follow the 6th edition the use of et al is slightly different. The notation for subsequent multiple authors for an in text citation is the first authors name followed by et al. Andreas blass feb 1 15 at 21 45.

If there are fewer than three authors. And others used as an abbreviation. Does not need to be italicized in normal use. For both the first and subsequent in text citations both the authors should be listed out as dalton wade 1989. The abbreviation et al deserves a period and the end of the sentence deserves a period.

Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then using et al for the second and subsequent citations. The accepted answer on the other one says it s a matter of style but i don t think any style guide would endorse op s suggested usage it s true vincent s answer does explicitly say repeating the period is incorrect but taking the page as a whole if you had nothing else to go on you d have to assume op has a free choice here. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity. Et al petal metal vegetal let alone get along metallic retaliate. Always refers to plural authors and dalton et al 1989 would indicate two authors aside from dalton.

Is best reserved for citations and other parenthetical remarks in academic or other types of formal writing. As long as there s something between those two periods i d use them both. Or it could be. It can sound unnatural when read aloud so an unabbreviated english equivalent is often better in less formal writing. For sources with six or more authors use et al from the first citation.

Citing sources with 4 or more authors. Essentially the second word of the term et al takes on a period et al irrespective of whether it falls in the middle of a sentence. For example at the end of the sentence use jones et al 1993. And elsewhere used when referring to other occurrences in a text et al. And others used as an abbreviation of et alii masculine plural or et aliae feminine plural or et alia neutral plural when referring to a number of people 2.