How To Use Et Al In Letter

Is not standard in greetings so people will stumble over it wondering whether they missed an important new rule somewhere.

How to use et al in letter. Does not need to be italicized in normal use. The term et al. Et alia et al is latin for and others et al is most commonly used in a list of people particularly when referring to the authors of an academic publication. The most common use of et al. Many writers confuse e g and i e and many type et al improperly or do not properly recognize what words it represents.

Is best reserved for citations and other parenthetical remarks in academic or other types of formal writing. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then. It does take a period after the second word even when it falls in the middle of a sentence. It is important to use these abbreviations literally and to punctuate them correctly. After the first author.

For example when referring to a scientific research paper the authors may be cited as goodman et al meaning the paper was by goodman and some other researchers. Namely use et al. The abbreviation e g is from the latin exempli gratia and means literally for example periods come after each letter and a. Is commonly used in place of a list of names whether of people or places when the list would be exhaustive or is simply not necessary. For more information and examples on citing references in text see chapter 6 of our sixth edition publication manual pp.

Notes and bibliography and author date style. It can sound unnatural when read aloud so an unabbreviated english equivalent is often better in less formal writing. Dear and hello are warm positive words et al the abbreviation of et alii is about as friendly as a flu shot they don t fit well together. In citing such papers using the name and date system also known as the harvard system a long string of names proves awkward which is why most journals recommend the use of et al which is latin for et alii or et aliae and means and others. As usual but also include lowercase letters after the year 2010a 2010b etc to tell the references apart.

Is found in essays research papers and legal writings. With in text citation is there. In general et al. The use of et al is the same in both styles. For sources with one two or three authors list all author names in your in text citations whether footnotes or author date.