How To Use Et Al In Reference List

Modern language association mla style manual.

How to use et al in reference list. Encyclopedia of halloween costumes. For example props f. Where a source document has been written by more than two authors some guidelines say more than three authors then you should replace all but the first author surname with et al. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity. In your reference list citation of a major reference book with a large editorial board.

For parenthetical citation of a work with 6 or more authors. For all in text citations. For example blythe et al 2003. Use the lead author s surname and et al. After the first author.

In citing such papers using the name and date system also known as the harvard system a long string of names proves awkward which is why most journals recommend the use of et al which is latin for et alii or et aliae and means and others. For sources with six or more authors use et al from the first citation. For sources with three to five authors list all the authors the first time and use et al only in subsequent citations. On the subsequent citations for three four or five authors. And articles with six or more authors are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al.

For research papers having three or more authors mla states that for the reference list the first author s surname should be cited followed by a comma then the rest of the name followed by et al for in text citations the first author s surname is followed by et al. As such the first citation should spell out all their names and any subsequent citation can include et al. With in text citation is there. Et al is simply a way of making your in text reference more concise and unobtrusive. Always write et al in lowercase unless it begins a sentence and include a period after al even when it appears in the middle of a sentence.

Specifically articles with one or two authors include all names in every in text citation. Use the lead author s name and et al. The term al is an abbreviation of alii and the entire phrase et al always follows at least one person s name job position or title.