How To Use Et Al Referencing

In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity.

How to use et al referencing. Note that et al. 2008 or acoose et al 2008 for in text citation. For sources with one two or three authors list all author names in your in text citations whether footnotes or author date. As previously mentioned different style guidelines have adopted different rules for using et al so the best way to use et al is to check the guidelines of your target journal or organization and follow the style accordingly. The use of et al is the same in both styles.

In citing such papers using the name and date system also known as the harvard system a long string of names proves awkward which is why most journals recommend the use of et al which is latin for et alii or et aliae and means and others. Given that et al is a shortening it is important to remember the full stop at the end of al to indicate that. When three or more names are given for a reference cited in the text. Once it comes to giving detailed information on the source in the reference list et al should never be used. Cite similar references based upon the first different names.

According to 4 and 6 9. References within a reference check the reference list for ibid. Use the lead author s name and et al. General use of et al. Below is a chart showing when to use et al.

Chicago style has two systems of citation. If you reference the author s name in your text the parenthetical citation goes immediately after the author s name or in this case after the abbreviation et al not at the end of the sentence as it normally would. Whenever you have multiple initial authors that are the same citation should go to the first dissimilar author. Is italicized in this post when i am using it as a linguistic example but it should not be italicized when you are using it as part of a reference citation. In this case the latin abbreviation et al meaning and others is essential.

For subsequent in text citations of a work with 3 to 5 authors. These refer to a previous reference and should be eliminated from the reference section. After the last dissimilar author. Which is determined by the number of authors and whether it is the first time a reference has been. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then.