How To Use The Et Al

For three to five authors all names must be listed within the first citation but all following citations can include just the name of the first author and et al.
How to use the et al. Do not use any of the other writers names. Follow the first writer s name with a comma. There is no punctuation after the et and there is always a period after the al. Use the first writer listed on the source material. After the first author.
For sources with four or more authors use the first name followed by et al in your chicago style reference list or bibliography list up to 10 authors. Any time you have more than two authors the potential for using et al. Follow the comma with et al. As such the first citation should spell out all their names and any subsequent citation can include et al. For sources with one two or three authors list all author names in your in text citations whether footnotes or author date.
Can be used in all citations including the first. The use of et al is the same in both styles. Use the first writer s last name. With in text citation is there.