How To Write Et Al

Or 3 use et al.

How to write et al. Apart with a comma and some don t. Is used when there are 4 or more authors. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then using et al for the second and subsequent citations. However for three authors there are two variations one which uses et al. Follows a single name e g tate et al it doesn t need a comma.

So if you have worked through a reference and only one name is left to abbreviate you must spell out all the names every time to tell the two apart. 2001 modern language association mla style manual. This is because the term is an abbreviation of the latin phrase et alia the period indicates that it is an abbreviation. Latin abbreviations like etc. Throughout but citations to.

Six or more authors. Stands for et alibi which refers to locations that will not appear in a list. 2 give all three names for every citation. When it follows more than one name some publications set et al. Harvard referencing citing three authors it is generally agreed amongst universities that et al.

Citations to works with three authors can either. For the second reference the two remaining names can be abbreviated to et al. For example if you went on a trip you could use et alibi when writing down the places and hotels you visited so you don t have to name all of them. Every time you cite the source. How to write and publish a scientific paper 1 summarizes current practice as using et al.

One again use the first author s last name only. In parentheses or using a signal phrase. A period is always used after et al since the term is used to abbreviate the latin term et alii there are several rules however both formal and informal that are required for proper usage of et al. Are used frequently and often incorrectly. Can be used to abbreviate almost anything.