How To Use Commas And Parentheses
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If material in parentheses ends a sentence the period goes after the parentheses.
How to use commas and parentheses. You could choose to punctuate a parenthetical phrase within a sentence with commas or em dashes rather than parentheses. Leave only one line of space 1 between the address and the greeting 2 between the greeting and the body of the letter and 3 between the body and the closing. How to use not abuse parentheses by erika suffern. He gave me a nice bonus 500. A colon could have been used in the second example.
The parenthetical material might be a single word a fragment or multiple complete sentences. Parentheses with complete sentences in some cases an entire sentence might be added to a paragraph within parentheses. Whatever the material inside the parentheses it must not be grammatically integral to the surrounding sentence. If parentheses are used around an area code they are also static though today most writers omit parentheses around area codes. Parentheses are used to give additional information to the reader information that would disrupt the flow of the sentence if written as a nonrestrictive clause.
Like dashes but unlike commas parentheses can set off text that has no grammatical relationship to the rest of the sentence the style guide gives these examples. A parenthesis is additional information that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence i e it could be removed it is also possible to use dashes or parentheses brackets to offset a parenthesis. Commas could have been used in the first example. Commas and parentheses are often used together but they serve separate purposes within a sentence. Parentheses are the quiet whisper of an aside commas are the conversational voice of a friend walking by your desk and dashes are the yowl of a pirate dashing into a fray.
If it is the sentence must be recast. Parentheses aren t the only punctuation option for parenthetical expressions. Let s start with those quiet parentheses. The example below illustrates this point. Peter cleaned his room before going out to play basketball.
Commas can be used to separate a parenthesis from the rest of the sentence. In general you can think of parentheses commas and dashes as a continuum of marks. Parentheses always used in pairs allow a writer to provide additional information. Using commas for a parenthesis. The chicago manual of style online explains that parentheses which are stronger than commas or dashes set off material from the surrounding text adding that.
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